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Physics · Triple Science

Atomic Structure

Spec 4.4 Paper 1 📙 Higher

Subtopics

The Structure of an AtomSpec 6.4.1.1Describe the structure of an atom including the nucleus, protons, neutrons and electrons. + Mass Number, Atomic Number and IsotopesSpec 6.4.1.2Define atomic number, mass number and isotopes and interpret nuclear notation. + Development of the Model of the AtomSpec 6.4.1.3Describe how the model of the atom developed from solid sphere to nuclear model. + Radioactive Decay and Nuclear RadiationSpec 6.4.2.1Describe alpha, beta and gamma radiation, their properties and uses and dangers. + Nuclear EquationsSpec 6.4.2.2Write and balance nuclear equations for alpha and beta decay. + Half-Lives and Radioactive DecaySpec 6.4.2.3Define half-life, calculate remaining activity and explain the random nature of decay. + Radioactive ContaminationSpec 6.4.2.4Distinguish contamination from irradiation and explain the hazards and precautions for each. + Background RadiationSpec 6.4.3 (physics only)Describe sources of background radiation and explain why it must be considered in measurements. + Uses of Nuclear RadiationSpec 6.4.4 (physics only)Describe the uses of alpha, beta and gamma radiation in medicine and industry. + Nuclear FissionSpec 6.4.5.1 (physics only)Describe nuclear fission, chain reactions and the basic operation of a nuclear reactor. + Nuclear FusionSpec 6.4.5.2 (physics only)Describe nuclear fusion, why it requires extreme conditions and its potential as an energy source. +

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Key Equations

A = N/t (activity)

Count rate ÷ 2 per half-life

⭐ Higher Tier Content

Nuclear equations with correct notation

Uses and hazards of radiation

🔬 Triple Science Extensions

Background radiation

Uses of nuclear radiation

Nuclear fission

Nuclear fusion

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