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Biology · Combined Science

Homeostasis and Response

Spec 4.5 Paper 2 📙 Higher

Subtopics

HomeostasisSpec 4.5.1Define homeostasis and explain how negative feedback maintains a stable internal environment. + The Human Nervous SystemSpec 4.5.2Describe the structure and function of the nervous system, neurones and synapses. + Reflex ActionsSpec 4.5.2Describe reflex actions, the reflex arc and why reflexes are faster than voluntary responses. + The Endocrine SystemSpec 4.5.3Describe the endocrine system, the main glands and hormones, and compare hormonal with nervous communication. + Blood Glucose Control and DiabetesSpec 4.5.3Describe how insulin and glucagon regulate blood glucose, and explain Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. + Human Reproduction and HormonesSpec 4.5.4Describe puberty, the menstrual cycle and the hormones that control human reproduction. + Contraception and Fertility TreatmentSpec 4.5.4Describe methods of contraception and fertility treatments including IVF. + Reaction TimeSpec 4.5.2Describe how to measure reaction time and explain what affects it. +

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Key Equations

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⭐ Higher Tier Content

Negative feedback loops

IVF treatment and ethical considerations

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