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🌿 Ecology

Spec 4.7 Paper 2 📙 Higher

📋 Subtopics — click any to open full notes

Ecosystems Spec 4.7.1 +

Abiotic and Biotic Factors Spec 4.7.1 +

Adaptations Spec 4.7.2 +

Food Chains and Food Webs Spec 4.7.1 +

Population and Competition Spec 4.7.1 +

Biodiversity Spec 4.7.4 +

The Carbon Cycle Spec 4.7.3 +

The Water Cycle Spec 4.7.3 +

The Nitrogen Cycle Spec 4.7.3 +

Decomposition Spec 4.7.3 +

Sampling Techniques Spec 4.7.1 +

Trophic Levels and Biomass Spec 4.7.1 +

Food Production, Land Use and Sustainable Fishing Spec 4.7.4 +

The Impact of Environmental Change Spec 4.7.4 +

The Role of Biotechnology Spec 4.7.4 +

💡 Click a subtopic title or the + button to open the full notes, quiz and examples.

📐 Key Equations

Population size = (n1 × n2) ÷ m (mark-recapture)

⭐ Higher Tier Content

Calculating biodiversity index

Interactions in food webs — predator-prey cycles

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Inheritance, Variation and Evolution

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